NGINX系列(二) NGINX快速部署

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作者：李晓辉

联系方式：

1. 微信：Lxh_Chat

2. 邮箱：939958092@qq.com

环境介绍：

操作系统IP地址NGINX版本
Rocky9.4192.168.8.31.26.2

由于后续我将介绍如何通过编译安装nginx以支持IP地址以及地理位置识别功能，所以这里不再重复介绍编译安装过程，仅介绍包包管理器

准备软件包仓库

这里的centos仓库，适用于rhel类型的所有分支，我们这里向系统添加了一个名为nginx的仓库

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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo <<EOF
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/9/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

尝试生成仓库索引，如果可以成功，就说明仓库可用

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[root@lxhhost ~]# dnf makecache
nginx repo                                     8.7 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS                         4.8 kB/s | 4.1 kB     00:00
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS                         1.0 MB/s | 2.3 MB     00:02
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream                      1.8 kB/s | 4.5 kB     00:02
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream                      8.4 MB/s | 8.5 MB     00:01
Rocky Linux 9 - Extras                         3.7 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Rocky Linux 9 - Extras                          15 kB/s |  16 kB     00:01
Metadata cache created.

安装NGINX软件

从输出看，我们已经从nginx仓库中，安装了1.26.2

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[root@lxhhost ~]# dnf install nginx -y
...
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                       Architecture                                   Version                                                     Repository                                     Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                                         x86_64                                         2:1.26.2-2.el9.ngx                                          nginx                                         996 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 996 k
Installed size: 3.3 M
Downloading Packages:
nginx-1.26.2-2.el9.ngx.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                             428 kB/s | 996 kB     00:02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed:
  nginx-2:1.26.2-2.el9.ngx.x86_64
...
Complete!
[root@lxhhost ~]#

准备测试页面

NGINX已经安装好了，我们来试试是否能够提供网页，nginx的服务默认需要我们将网页放到/usr/share/nginx/html目录中，首页需要以index.html或者index.htm命名

我这里准备了一个内容为Hello nginx, I'm lixiaohui的网页作为其首页

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[root@lxhhost ~]# echo "Hello nginx, I'm lixiaohui" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@lxhhost ~]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Hello nginx, I'm lixiaohui

启用并启动服务

这里用enable --now的语法，将nginx的服务执行enable和start操作，以便于马上启动nginx服务，并通知服务器，将nginx服务在开机时自动启动

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[root@lxhhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

[root@lxhhost ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-01-18 15:45:27 CST; 6s ago
       Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    Process: 1411 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1412 (nginx)
      Tasks: 5 (limit: 24584)
     Memory: 5.2M
        CPU: 9ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─1412 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
             ├─1413 "nginx: worker process"
             ├─1414 "nginx: worker process"
             ├─1415 "nginx: worker process"
             └─1416 "nginx: worker process"

Jan 18 15:45:27 lxhhost systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Jan 18 15:45:27 lxhhost systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.

开通防火墙

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[root@lxhhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
success
[root@lxhhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

访问测试网页

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[root@lxhhost ~]# curl http://192.168.8.3
Hello nginx, I'm lixiaohui

优雅重载NGINX

如果后续修改了配置文件，可用下面的方法优雅重载nginx，比如下面告诉nginx来重新加载配置文件，而不中断服务

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nginx -s reload

给nginx发送reload信号，可以不中断nginx进程的情况下重载配置文件